īefore a transfusion takes place blood is thoroughly tested for anything that might cause problems for the receiver. In blood transfusions it is important that the blood donor and recipient have the same Rh factor and same blood group. The Rh factor is either present on individual's red blood cells or it is not.
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The Rh factor is separate from, and in addition to, ABO groups. Rh is an inherited trait, which refers to a protein on the surface of an individual's red blood cells. it is named after the Rhesus monkey where they were first discovered. The Rh factor (Rh meaning Rhesus) is a feature of the second most common blood-group system in human-blood transfusion. People with type AB positive blood are called universal recipients because they can receive blood from any other blood group. People with type O negative blood are often called universal donors because they can give blood to any other blood group. However, they can only donate blood to other people with blood group AB. Blood group AB have no antibodies, so they can receive blood from any blood group.
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Research suggests that people with blood group O have a lower risk. Although the O-positive people can donate blood to people with any positive blood type, they can only receive blood from O positive and O negative (O) people. As a result, humans may produce antibodies against natural components in the bodies of other people, but not themselves. O-positive and CMV-negative blood type is the safest blood type that can be transfused to immunocompromised newborns. People have immunological tolerance only for what occurs in their own bodies. This first discovered by Karl Landsteiner. The principle of the ABO system is that antigens – in this instance, sugars exposed on the surface of red blood cells – differ between individuals.